{
 "meta": {
  "buildDate": "2026-09-10",
  "lastVerified": "2026-09-10",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "note": "US state legislative and regulatory action on AI data centers and energy: bills, orders and utility rulings, each with its official source. Verified 2026-09-10; re-verify monthly."
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "code": "CA",
   "instrument": "SB 57 (2025)",
   "title": "Ratepayer and Technological Innovation Protection Act",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Signed October 11, 2025; authorizes the CPUC to assess whether the costs of serving new data center loads are being shifted onto other ratepayers, covering procurement, transmission, distribution, and stranded asset costs, with a public report due to the legislature by January 1, 2027.",
   "who": "California Public Utilities Commission and investor-owned utilities; imposes no new tariffs on data centers",
   "url": "https://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/legislation-protect-california-ratepayers-paying-data-centers-energy-costs-signed-law",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Illinois",
   "code": "IL",
   "instrument": "Executive directive pausing the Data Center Investment Program",
   "title": "Pause on new data center tax incentives",
   "status": "regulator-action",
   "year": 2026,
   "what": "Announced June 5, 2026 and effective July 1, 2026; Governor Pritzker directed the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity to stop processing new data center tax incentive agreements, after the legislature declined to enact his proposed two-year pause, citing energy affordability concerns from AI-driven data center growth.",
   "who": "Illinois DCEO and new data center projects seeking state tax incentives; agreements entered before July 1, 2026 are honored",
   "url": "https://gov-pritzker-newsroom.prezly.com/gov-pritzker-pauses-new-data-center-tax-incentives",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Indiana",
   "code": "IN",
   "instrument": "HEA 1007 (2025)",
   "title": "Generation resources for large load economic development",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Signed May 6, 2025; for qualifying new generation projects, a large load customer such as a data center must commit to significant financial assurances including reimbursement of at least 80 percent of project costs reasonably allocable to it, shielding other utility customers if the expected load or schedule does not materialize.",
   "who": "Large load customers including data centers, and Indiana utilities building new generation",
   "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2025/bills/house/1007",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Maryland",
   "code": "MD",
   "instrument": "SB 116 (2025)",
   "title": "Data Center Impact Analysis and Report",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Vetoed by Governor Moore on May 16, 2025 citing study cost; the General Assembly overrode the veto on December 16, 2025 (Senate 44 to 0, House 109 to 21); commissions an analysis of data centers' likely environmental, energy, and economic impacts on Maryland, with a final report to the Governor and General Assembly due September 1, 2026.",
   "who": "Maryland Department of the Environment, Maryland Energy Administration, and University of Maryland; informs future data center regulation",
   "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/sb0116?ys=2025RS",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Minnesota",
   "code": "MN",
   "instrument": "HF 16 (2025 First Special Session)",
   "title": "Modifying requirements for certain data centers",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Enacted in the June 2025 special session; defines a data center as a facility with a peak load of 100 megawatts or more, requires the Public Utilities Commission to define a very large customer class for each public utility by December 15, 2026, imposes an annual fee of $2,000,000 to $5,000,000 on qualified large-scale data centers scaled by peak demand, and extends the sales tax exemption only with prevailing wage and green building certification conditions.",
   "who": "Data centers of 100 MW or more peak load, the Minnesota PUC, and public utilities",
   "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2025/1/HF/16/versions/latest/",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
   "code": "NJ",
   "instrument": "S3379/A4096 (2026)",
   "title": "Data center energy and water reporting law",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2026,
   "what": "Signed August 27, 2026; requires data center owners and operators to file semiannual reports with the Board of Public Utilities covering total energy consumption, energy used for cooling and information technology equipment, peak daily water use, water sources, and on-site and backup power supplies.",
   "who": "Data center owners and operators in New Jersey; the BPU collects the reports",
   "url": "https://www.nj.gov/governor/news/2026/20260827a.shtml",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "New Jersey",
   "code": "NJ",
   "instrument": "S731/A796 (2026)",
   "title": "Large load data center tariff law",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2026,
   "what": "Signed in July 2026; requires New Jersey public electric utilities to develop and submit a tariff to the Board of Public Utilities creating a separate rate class for large load data centers with peak electricity demand of 100 megawatts or more, so other ratepayers do not bear the costs of data center energy demand, and requires data centers to bring their own clean energy.",
   "who": "New Jersey public electric utilities and data centers of 100 MW or more",
   "url": "https://www.nj.gov/governor/news/2026/20260827a.shtml",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Ohio",
   "code": "OH",
   "instrument": "PUCO Case No. 24-508-EL-ATA",
   "title": "AEP Ohio data center tariff order",
   "status": "regulator-action",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Order issued July 9, 2025; requires AEP Ohio to file new tariffs applying to data centers under which they pay for an agreed portion of their contracted power each month whether or not they use it, and directs AEP Ohio to lift its moratorium on connecting new data centers as soon as possible.",
   "who": "AEP Ohio and data center customers in its service territory",
   "url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/OHPUC/bulletins/3e8bb79",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Oregon",
   "code": "OR",
   "instrument": "HB 3546 (2025)",
   "title": "POWER Act (Protecting Oregonians With Energy Responsibility)",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Signed June 16, 2025; requires the Oregon Public Utility Commission to create a separate rate class for large energy use facilities of 20 MW or more, with minimum 10-year contracts and minimum payment commitments, so grid upgrade costs fall on the facilities rather than on residential and small business ratepayers.",
   "who": "Data centers and other large energy use facilities of 20 MW or more served by investor-owned utilities; Oregon PUC implements",
   "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/HB3546",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Pennsylvania",
   "code": "PA",
   "instrument": "HB 1834 (2025 to 2026 session)",
   "title": "Data center ratepayer protection bill",
   "status": "passed-one-chamber",
   "year": 2026,
   "what": "Passed the House 104 to 95 on March 24, 2026 and awaits Senate action; establishes a new rate class for data centers of 25 MW or more and prohibits public utilities from shifting the costs of new generation and transmission infrastructure built for data centers onto other ratepayers.",
   "who": "Pennsylvania public utilities, the PUC, and data centers of 25 MW or more",
   "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/billinfo.cfm?syear=2025&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1834",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "code": "TX",
   "instrument": "SB 6 (89th Legislature)",
   "title": "Relating to the planning for, interconnection and operation of, and costs related to providing service for certain electrical loads",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Signed June 20, 2025 and effective immediately; creates a comprehensive large load interconnection framework in ERCOT applying to loads of 75 MW or more at a single site, requiring interconnection study fees, proof of site control, financial commitments toward transmission costs, disclosure of duplicate interconnection requests, and remote disconnect capability for facilities interconnecting after December 31, 2025.",
   "who": "Large load customers of 75 MW or more in ERCOT, mostly data centers and crypto miners; PUCT and ERCOT administer",
   "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=SB6",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Utah",
   "code": "UT",
   "instrument": "SB 132 (2025)",
   "title": "Electric Utility Amendments",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Signed March 25, 2025; lets large load customers such as data centers negotiate a direct large-load contract with Rocky Mountain Power or, failing agreement, contract directly with third-party generators including fully off-grid private systems, outside the general rate base, so existing ratepayers do not fund infrastructure built for new data center demand.",
   "who": "Large electric load customers in Rocky Mountain Power territory and the utility itself",
   "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/SB0132.html",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
   "code": "VA",
   "instrument": "HB 2084 (2025)",
   "title": "Electric utilities; reasonable classifications of customers",
   "status": "enacted",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Approved March 24, 2025; directs the State Corporation Commission to determine whether Dominion Energy and Appalachian Power use reasonable customer classifications, including whether a new or separate classification for data center customers is warranted; in November 2025 the SCC approved a new Dominion rate class for customers above 25 MW with minimum demand payments and long-term contracts.",
   "who": "Virginia State Corporation Commission, Dominion Energy, and Appalachian Power; affects data center customers",
   "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2084",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Washington",
   "code": "WA",
   "instrument": "HB 2515 (2026)",
   "title": "Addressing Emerging Large Energy Use Facilities",
   "status": "passed-one-chamber",
   "year": 2026,
   "what": "Passed the House 51 to 41 in the 2026 session but died in the Senate; would have required utilities to file tariffs and policies ensuring that data centers using over 20 MW do not shift disproportionate costs onto other utility customers, with provisions addressing emergency curtailment and reliability treatment.",
   "who": "Washington utilities and data centers using over 20 MW",
   "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?BillNumber=2515&Year=2025",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  }
 ]
}