{
 "meta": {
  "buildDate": "2026-09-10",
  "lastVerified": "2026-09-10",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "note": "Enacted US state laws on deepfakes and synthetic media (elections, intimate imagery, likeness and voice) plus the federal TAKE IT DOWN Act, each with its official source. Verified 2026-09-10; re-verify monthly."
 },
 "records": [
  {
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "code": "CA",
   "category": "likeness",
   "instrument": "AB 1836 and AB 2602 (2024), Chapters 258 and 259",
   "title": "Use of likeness: digital replica; Contracts against public policy: digital replicas",
   "year": 2024,
   "what": "AB 1836 requires estate consent before producing or distributing a realistic digital replica of a deceased personality in an audiovisual work or sound recording, with statutory damages of the greater of $10,000 or actual damages. The companion AB 2602 (Labor Code 927) makes a personal or professional services contract term unenforceable if it lets a digital replica replace work the person could have performed, unless the use is described with reasonable specificity and the person had legal counsel or union representation. Both signed September 17, 2024.",
   "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1836",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "code": "CA",
   "category": "elections",
   "instrument": "AB 2839 (2024)",
   "title": "Elections: deceptive media in advertisements",
   "year": 2024,
   "what": "Bans knowing, malicious distribution of materially deceptive audio or visual content about candidates, elections officials, and voting equipment within 120 days before an election (through 60 days after for officials and equipment), with civil injunctions and damages; it expands the earlier AB 730 (2019) framework, which covered only candidates within 60 days.",
   "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "California",
   "code": "CA",
   "category": "intimate",
   "instrument": "AB 602 (2019)",
   "title": "Depiction of individual using digital or electronic technology: sexually explicit material: cause of action",
   "year": 2019,
   "what": "Adds Civil Code 1708.86, giving a depicted individual a private cause of action against anyone who creates and intentionally discloses sexually explicit digitally altered material without consent, or who intentionally discloses it knowing it was created without consent; allows injunctive relief, attorney's fees, and actual, statutory, or punitive damages.",
   "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB602",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Colorado",
   "code": "CO",
   "category": "elections",
   "instrument": "HB 24-1147 (2024)",
   "title": "Candidate Election Deepfake Disclosures",
   "year": 2024,
   "what": "Creates a statutory scheme regulating deepfakes produced with generative AI in communications about candidates for elective office: distribution of an undisclosed or improperly disclosed deepfake is unlawful, with enforcement and a private cause of action for candidates; approved May 24, 2024, effective July 1, 2024.",
   "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1147",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Minnesota",
   "code": "MN",
   "category": "elections",
   "instrument": "HF 1370 (2023), Chapter 58",
   "title": "Crime of using deep fake technology to influence an election",
   "year": 2023,
   "what": "Establishes a crime for disseminating a deep fake with intent to injure a candidate or influence the result of an election, and separately establishes a crime and a civil cause of action for nonconsensual dissemination of deep fake sexual images; signed May 26, 2023, effective August 1, 2023.",
   "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF1370&ssn=0&y=2023",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Minnesota",
   "code": "MN",
   "category": "intimate",
   "instrument": "HF 1370 (2023), Chapter 58",
   "title": "Nonconsensual dissemination of deep fake sexual images: crime and cause of action",
   "year": 2023,
   "what": "Establishes both a criminal offense and a civil cause of action for the nonconsensual dissemination of deep fake sexual images; signed May 26, 2023, effective August 1, 2023.",
   "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF1370&ssn=0&y=2023",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "New York",
   "code": "NY",
   "category": "intimate",
   "instrument": "S.5959 (2020), Chapter 304",
   "title": "Unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual",
   "year": 2020,
   "what": "Adds Civil Rights Law 52-c, a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of a sexually explicit depiction of an individual, including depictions created or altered by digitization; signed November 30, 2020.",
   "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/s5959",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Tennessee",
   "code": "TN",
   "category": "likeness",
   "instrument": "HB 2091 (2024), Public Chapter 588, ELVIS Act",
   "title": "Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act of 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "what": "Renames the Personal Rights Protection Act of 1984 as the ELVIS Act and adds voice, expressly including a simulation of the voice, as protected property; creates civil liability for knowingly making an individual's voice or likeness available to the public without authorization and for distributing an algorithm, software, or tool whose primary purpose is producing a particular identifiable individual's photograph, voice, or likeness without authorization; effective July 1, 2024.",
   "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/113/pub/pc0588.pdf",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "code": "TX",
   "category": "intimate",
   "instrument": "SB 1361 (2023)",
   "title": "Unlawful production or distribution of sexually explicit videos using deep fake technology",
   "year": 2023,
   "what": "Creates a criminal offense for producing or distributing a sexually explicit deep fake video of another person without consent; signed June 2, 2023, effective September 1, 2023.",
   "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=SB1361",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Texas",
   "code": "TX",
   "category": "elections",
   "instrument": "SB 751 (2019)",
   "title": "Criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive video with intent to influence an election",
   "year": 2019,
   "what": "Creates a criminal offense for fabricating a deceptive deep fake video of a candidate with intent to influence the outcome of an election; effective September 1, 2019.",
   "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=SB751",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "United States",
   "code": "US",
   "category": "federal",
   "instrument": "S. 146, TAKE IT DOWN Act, Public Law 119-12 (2025)",
   "title": "Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act",
   "year": 2025,
   "what": "Criminalizes the knowing publication of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, including AI-generated digital forgeries, and requires covered platforms to remove reported depictions and known copies as soon as possible and not later than 48 hours after a valid request; approved May 19, 2025.",
   "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Virginia",
   "code": "VA",
   "category": "intimate",
   "instrument": "HB 2678 (2019), Chapter 490",
   "title": "Unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another: falsely created images",
   "year": 2019,
   "what": "Amends Code of Virginia 18.2-386.2 so that the crime of unlawfully disseminating nude or sexually explicit images covers a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with intent to depict an actual person, if recognizable; effective July 1, 2019.",
   "url": "https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?191+sum+HB2678",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  },
  {
   "jurisdiction": "Washington",
   "code": "WA",
   "category": "intimate",
   "instrument": "SHB 1999 (2024)",
   "title": "Fabricated intimate or sexually explicit images and depictions",
   "year": 2024,
   "what": "Extends Washington's criminal disclosure law (RCW 9A.86) and its civil action (chapter 7.110 RCW), plus the child exploitation statutes (chapter 9.68A RCW), to fabricated depictions created or altered by digitization, expressly including artificial intelligence; signed March 14, 2024, effective June 6, 2024.",
   "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1999&Year=2023",
   "verified": "2026-09-10"
  }
 ]
}