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AI enforcement at Union level

Union level AI enforcement runs through the Commission. The AI Office holds exclusive competence over providers of general purpose AI models under Article 88 and can fine them up to 15 million euro or 3 percent of worldwide turnover under Article 101. 2 Union level actions are on record.

The Union layer

Who acts, and under which article

Union level enforcement. The Commission, through the AI Office, holds exclusive competence over providers of general purpose AI models under Article 88 and can fine them under Article 101. The Commission also enforces the Digital Services Act against designated platforms, which is currently the fastest route to a generative system embedded in a large consumer service. The European Data Protection Supervisor is the market surveillance authority for the Union's own institutions under Article 70(9).

Authorities

Who can act here

  • European AI Office

    Exclusive competence over providers of general purpose AI models under Article 88, expanded by the Digital Omnibus to AI systems built on a general purpose model by the same provider and to AI in or constituting a very large online platform or search engine under the Digital Services Act.

    Maximum penalty: 15 million euro or 3 percent of worldwide annual turnover, whichever is higher (Article 101)

  • European Commission

    Enforces the Digital Services Act against designated platforms, which is currently the fastest route to a generative AI system embedded in a large consumer service.

    Maximum penalty: 6 percent of worldwide annual turnover (Digital Services Act)

  • European Data Protection Board

    Coordinates national authorities, issues opinions and guidelines, and runs the taskforces that set the common European position on AI systems.

    Maximum penalty: No fining power of its own

  • European Data Protection Supervisor

    Supervises the Union's own institutions, including when they place on the market or use AI systems, and can fine them under Article 100 of the AI Act.

    Maximum penalty: 1.5 million euro on a Union institution (AI Act Article 100)

The record

Enforcement actions recorded here

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In a sentence
According to the GAGE EU AI Act Enforcement Tracker (as of 20 August 2026), ai act enforcement in european union.
APA
GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education). (2026). AI Act enforcement in European Union. EU AI Act Enforcement Tracker. Retrieved 20 August 2026, from https://www.gage.academy/tools/eu-ai-act-enforcement-tracker/countries/european-union
MLA
"AI Act enforcement in European Union." EU AI Act Enforcement Tracker, GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education), 20 August 2026, https://www.gage.academy/tools/eu-ai-act-enforcement-tracker/countries/european-union.
Chicago
GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education). "AI Act enforcement in European Union." EU AI Act Enforcement Tracker. Last modified 20 August 2026. https://www.gage.academy/tools/eu-ai-act-enforcement-tracker/countries/european-union.
Permalink
https://www.gage.academy/tools/eu-ai-act-enforcement-tracker/countries/european-union

Last updated . Every record re verified . The tracker is checked every Monday, and the same day for any action under the AI Act.

Powered by GAGE, free EU AI Act tools from the Global Academy of Generative-AI Education