GDPR Article 22
The provision of the General Data Protection Regulation giving a person the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, subject to defined exceptions and safeguards including the right to obtain human intervention, express a point of view, and contest the decision.
Defined in 4 GAGE programs, which carry 4 distinct definitions of it. The wording above is taught in Certified AI Data Governance Professional (CADGP).
How each discipline defines it
The same term does different work depending on who is using it. These are the definitions as each program teaches them, unedited.
The provision of the General Data Protection Regulation giving a person the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, that produces legal effects or similarly significantly affects them, subject to defined exceptions and safeguards including the right to obtain human intervention, express a point of view, and contest the decision.
The provision of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) giving individuals the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects, with limited exceptions and a right to obtain human intervention; the legal anchor for the rights override in this topic.
The EU data-protection right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing where it has legal or similarly significant effect, unless a narrow exception applies with safeguards including human review. In force since 2018, independent of the AI Act.
The provision giving individuals a right, subject to exceptions, not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing that produces legal or similarly significant effects, including a right to request human review.
Where it is taught
The exact lessons this term appears in. The first module of every program is free with a free account.
- The right to an account: keeping the decision trail a person affected by your AI can find, follow, and contest · Lineage Under Audit, Certified AI Data Governance Professional (CADGP)
- The oversight pattern: human-in-the-loop, on-the-loop, and out-of-the-loop, chosen per task with reasons · Agents Under Command, Certified AI Governance Professional (CAIGP)
- Cross-Jurisdictional Compliance Architecture: FDA, SEC, DOT, GDPR, CCPA · Legal Frameworks and Liability Navigation, The AI Lobbyist: Certified AI Policy Strategist
- Regulatory Compliance Navigator · Governance and Responsible AI, Certified AI Transformation Professional (CATP)
Where it shows up at work
A definition is where GDPR Article 22 starts. The lessons above teach it inside the competencies below, which are what job descriptions ask for and what the GAGE credential records. Every link here is drawn from the same careers map that builds a role's readiness check.
Defines who reviews AI outputs, what they check, when they can override, and how to keep review from becoming a rubber stamp.
2 lessons on this page teach it as a primary outcome.
Classifies a system by role and risk tier, knows which obligations bind on which date after the Digital Omnibus, and what evidence conformity needs.
2 lessons on this page teach it as a primary outcome.
Decides what a person affected by an AI decision must be told, how an output can be explained, and how they can challenge it.
One lesson on this page teach it as a primary outcome.
Roles that hire for it
Each role page shows the full competency set, what the seat decides, and a readiness check against your own evidence.
- AI Product Manager, responsible product editionneeds it at depth · 3 open postings this week
- Ethical AI Specialistneeds working knowledge · 5 open postings this week
- VP of AI Governance and Ethicsneeds working knowledge
- Autonomous Systems Governance Lead, robotics and physical AI editionneeds working knowledge
- Responsible AI Leadneeds it at depth · 7 open postings this week
- AI Regulatory Counselneeds it at depth · 14 open postings this week
How job descriptions say it
Postings rarely use the textbook word. These are the phrases the careers map reads as asking for the competencies above.
Where the frameworks place it: EU AI Act Article 14; ISO/IEC 42001 Annex A; Regulation (EU) 2024/1689; Regulation (EU) 2026/1744.
One interview question about it
Design the human oversight for an AI system that approves refunds. What does the reviewer see, and what stops rubber-stamping?
Asked of candidates for human oversight design. Answering it in your own words is exactly how a GAGE topic is passed, and the credential records the pass where an employer can check it.
If you come from another field
Some backgrounds already carry this competency, and the readiness check gives credit for it.
- A law degree (JD, LLB or LLM), no AI work yet carries it as a claim to back up: The EU AI Act reads like the statutes you were trained on; the content is new, the method is not.
Terms it appears with
Not an alphabetical neighbourhood: these are the terms taught in the same lessons, ranked by how often they appear together.