AI Office

The Commission body established under Article 64, holding Union-level expertise and enforcement competence for GPAI obligations under Chapter V. It serves as secretariat to the AI Board and does not conduct market surveillance for high-risk or transparency obligations in the typical case. One important edge case: where a GPAI model and the downstream high-risk AI system built on it are provided by the same entity, the AI Office may act as the competent market surveillance authority for the integrated system. This preserves the AI Office's oversight of the GPAI layer while addressing the practical difficulty of separating GPAI enforcement from high-risk enforcement when a single provider controls both. Practitioners deploying integrated GPAI-plus-high-risk systems from a single provider should not assume the national NCA is the only enforcement authority; the AI Office may also have a claim.

The European Commission body established under the AI Act, responsible for, among other things, developing the FRIA notification template (Article 27(5)) that Article 27 deployers must use. As of this writing the template is not yet finalized, and the Digital Omnibus on AI has deferred the stand-alone Annex III obligations, including Article 27, to 2 December 2027; the obligation is established law, only its application date and the template's publication are still pending.

The European Commission body responsible for supervising general purpose AI models and coordinating AI Act enforcement across member states; holds document-demand and correction-order powers, with fines up to EUR 15 million or 3 percent of global turnover under Article 101 for GPAI-related violations.

The European Commission's dedicated body holding direct enforcement authority over GPAI model providers under the EU AI Act, starting 2 August 2026, while national market surveillance authorities enforce the remainder of the Act within each member state's territory.

the European Commission body holding direct enforcement authority over general-purpose AI model providers under the EU AI Act, including documentation requests, model evaluations, fines, and market-withdrawal authority, effective August 2, 2026.