Market Surveillance Authority

The national authority empowered to supervise and enforce the AI Act in a Member State (Chapter IX); relevant to the career trajectory of practitioners who specialize in post-market monitoring and incident response, since those practitioners interface directly with market surveillance authorities during enforcement actions. Personal liability under Article 99 falls on operators, not automatically on individual practitioners, but several Member States are proposing or enacting national implementing legislation that extends penalties to natural persons; practitioners should verify the applicable national position rather than relying on the EU-level Act's silence as a safe harbor.

A national or EU-level body empowered under the AI Act to enforce compliance for high risk AI systems placed on the market, including conducting documentation reviews, technical testing, and, where necessary, source code inspections. General purpose AI models follow a separate track: the AI Office, not a national market surveillance authority, enforces the Article 53 training data transparency summary. (see Topic 8.2)

The national body each EU Member State designates to monitor and enforce AI systems placed on its market under the EU AI Act, drawing its investigatory powers from Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 via AI Act Article 74.

The national body each Member State designates to supervise and enforce AI Act obligations, including Article 4 from August 2, 2026.

The national body in each EU member state empowered under Article 74 to review technical documentation, audit systems, and demand source code access for AI systems within its jurisdiction, the entity most likely to open and test an organization's Article 10 chapter directly.