Access rule
Rules on robot training data: what the law lets a robot maker do with recorded hours
What may a robot maker do with recorded hours? The ledger holds 7 access rule records as of September 2026 across United States, European Union, China: 7 verified at a primary source, 0 announced with no document yet, 0 searched and absent, 0 open. Every row links the document it rests on and the date it was checked.
China
1 record
Hours recorded in China leave the country under the 2024 cross border provisions and the 2025 network data regulations
China · verified 13 September 2026
Cyberspace Administration provisions, article 2: a handler need not declare data for an outbound security assessment as important data unless notified by a department or region or it is publicly listed as such.
European Union
3 records
The AI Act reaches robots as machinery through the old Machinery Directive, and learned safety behaviour needs third party assessment from January 2027
European Union · verified 13 September 2026
AI Act Annex I, section A, item 1: Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery. The string 2023/1230 does not appear in the AI Act.
Under the GDPR, factory footage of a worker is personal data, and biometric data only when processed to identify them
European Union · verified 13 September 2026
GDPR article 4(1): personal data is any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. Article 4(14): biometric data results from specific technical processing of physical, physiological or behavioural characteristics.
The EU Data Act reaches robots as connected products: user access since September 2025, access by design for products placed on the market after 12 September 2026
European Union · verified 13 September 2026
Article 50: it applies from 12 September 2025; the article 3(1) design obligation applies to connected products placed on the market after 12 September 2026.
United States
3 records
No US export rule names robot training data; the AI diffusion rule that reached model weights is under rescission
United States · verified 13 September 2026
BIS, 13 May 2025: rescission of the Biden era artificial intelligence diffusion rule announced, with three guidance actions on advanced computing chips; no mention of datasets or robotics.
US state biometric laws: Washington excludes video recordings from the definition, Texas needs consent for face geometry, and the Illinois text could not be reached
United States · verified 13 September 2026
RCW 19.375.020(1): a person may not enrol a biometric identifier in a database for a commercial purpose without first providing notice, obtaining consent, and providing a mechanism to prevent later use.
A Senate bill, not a law: the Humanoid ROBOT Act of 2025 would order a report on data of US persons obtained through humanoid robots
United States · verified 13 September 2026
S.3275, introduced 20 November 2025: procurement restrictions, CFIUS review, and a report that must cover privacy and data security threats relating to the use of data of United States persons obtained through humanoid robots.
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- According to the GAGE Embodied AI Data Ledger (as of 13 September 2026), rules on robot training data: what the law lets a robot maker do with recorded hours.
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- GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education). (2026). Rules on robot training data: what the law lets a robot maker do with recorded hours. Embodied AI Data Ledger. Retrieved 13 September 2026, from https://www.gage.academy/tools/embodied-ai-data-ledger/kinds/rule
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- "Rules on robot training data: what the law lets a robot maker do with recorded hours." Embodied AI Data Ledger, GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education), 13 September 2026, https://www.gage.academy/tools/embodied-ai-data-ledger/kinds/rule.
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- GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education). "Rules on robot training data: what the law lets a robot maker do with recorded hours." Embodied AI Data Ledger. Last modified 13 September 2026. https://www.gage.academy/tools/embodied-ai-data-ledger/kinds/rule.
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Last updated . Every record re verified . The ledger is checked every Monday, and the same day for any announcement by a data regulator.
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