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The standard for harm with no broken part is SOTIF, written for road vehicles and borrowed by everyone else

ISO 21448:2022 addresses the safety of the intended functionality: unreasonable risk from functional insufficiencies or from foreseeable misuse, where nothing has failed. Published in June 2022 at 181 pages by the road vehicles committee, it is the closest published framework for a perception stack that is simply wrong about the world.

The verdict

Verified

The document exists. The ledger fetched it at its publisher and quotes it.

Key facts

What the sources say

Record ID
PAG-2026-0024
Kind
Standard
Jurisdiction
Global
Last verified
Added
  • ISO 21448:2022 is edition 1, published 2022-06, 181 pages, from ISO technical committee 22, and ISO marks it at stage 90.92, to be revised.
  • It covers hazards caused by functional insufficiencies of specification or by performance insufficiencies in the implementation of electrical and electronic elements.
  • It excludes faults covered by the ISO 26262 series, cybersecurity threats and deliberate actions that clearly violate intended use, which it treats as feature abuse.
  • It gives guidance on design, verification and validation measures and on activities during the operation phase.

Dimension by dimension

3 dimensions, each one stated, silent or open

The machine, The AI inside it, Liability. Stated means the document you can open below says it; silent means the ledger read the document and it does not.

The machineStated
It handles the case where every component works as designed and the system still creates a hazard.ISO, ISO 21448:2022 Road vehicles, Safety of the intended functionality, primary source, 1 June 2022.
The AI inside itStated
Perception and decision insufficiencies are the subject matter, which is why robotics teams outside automotive adopt it.ISO, ISO 21448:2022 Road vehicles, Safety of the intended functionality, primary source, 1 June 2022.
LiabilitySilent
The document is a safety framework and settles nothing about who pays when the insufficiency causes harm.ISO, ISO 21448:2022 Road vehicles, Safety of the intended functionality, primary source, 1 June 2022.

What it changes

For a robot maker or a deployer

When your robot hurts someone and nothing broke, SOTIF is the vocabulary you will be asked to argue in: triggering conditions, functional insufficiencies, the known and unknown hazardous scenario quadrants, and the operation phase evidence. Adopt it early even if you do not build vehicles, because there is no equivalent published framework written for robots.

Sources

What this record was verified against

  1. ISO, ISO 21448:2022 Road vehicles, Safety of the intended functionalityPrimary · 1 June 2022

Related

Records that sit beside this one

Cite this record

Free to reuse under CC BY 4.0, with attribution. The record ID PAG-2026-0024 is permanent and is never reused.

In a sentence
According to the GAGE Physical AI Governance Atlas (as of 15 September 2026), the standard for harm with no broken part is sotif, written for road vehicles and borrowed by everyone else.
APA
GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education). (2026). The standard for harm with no broken part is SOTIF, written for road vehicles and borrowed by everyone else. Physical AI Governance Atlas. Retrieved 15 September 2026, from https://www.gage.academy/tools/physical-ai-governance-atlas/records/PAG-2026-0024-global-iso-21448-sotif
MLA
"The standard for harm with no broken part is SOTIF, written for road vehicles and borrowed by everyone else." Physical AI Governance Atlas, GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education), 15 September 2026, https://www.gage.academy/tools/physical-ai-governance-atlas/records/PAG-2026-0024-global-iso-21448-sotif.
Chicago
GAGE (Global Academy of Generative-AI Education). "The standard for harm with no broken part is SOTIF, written for road vehicles and borrowed by everyone else." Physical AI Governance Atlas. Last modified 15 September 2026. https://www.gage.academy/tools/physical-ai-governance-atlas/records/PAG-2026-0024-global-iso-21448-sotif.
Permalink
https://www.gage.academy/tools/physical-ai-governance-atlas/records/PAG-2026-0024-global-iso-21448-sotif

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